【 TFC 台灣事實查核中心 你查核這樣做的?】
深夜各種抱怨,還沒睡的就來閱讀吧,
文章開頭我仍要感謝事實查核中心與范建得老師願意回應我喬裝成一般老百姓遞出了許多資訊給他們1/31的事實查核報告要求其更正。我把我個人的脈絡講清楚,以及簡單幾個事實:
1. 如果僅是強調歐盟 #綠色轉型 ,那2050的歐盟有核能,以及不少歐盟成員打算用核能來達成碳中和是無庸置疑的,對他們來說核能就是轉型的一部份,這也是台灣多數媒體以及美聯社最先一開始對歐盟高峰會結論用include nuclear energy in green transition來下標的原因。而事實查核中心詢問的專家等人,則一直把焦點拉向歐盟 #綠色政綱 以及其中永續投資指引來強調核能不在歐盟綠色轉型中,我想這犯的嚴重錯誤是他自己定義了所謂綠色轉型一詞。而我們從頭到尾都沒有人懷疑綠色綱領以再生能源與節能為主要核心。
2. 范建得教授原先以1/10歐盟會議中綠黨提出的決議文件強調歐盟打算非核,但我向他們指出1/10歐盟當天會議有多個版本,他們僅於回覆中表示疏漏,僅修改部分,不願意修改歐盟要走向非核的字眼,范建得教授則在我提供資料給他後,理應當已經失去強調歐盟最終要非核這樣觀點的正當性,好笑的是,他持續羅列了歐盟綠色綱領沒有要投資核能等等來說這樣就是歐盟要非核,還找了歐洲學者幫他背書(但歐洲學者並非背書歐盟要非核,只是綠色政綱沒有資助核能),無疑是他的靶被我拆掉後又持續自己射箭畫靶。而這樣的作證事實查核中心也採用,讓我深感驚訝。
3.事實查核中心認為他並非對聯合報內容做查證,而是對1/15的歐盟文件做查證,但事實查核報告的內容背景以及標題都寫明了「媒體報導...」,聯合報報導是2019/12/20,而美聯社發文則是2019/12/13,有綠色轉型一詞都是從這個時刻開始,你卻跟我說你在查證2020/1/15的東西?此外,范建得教授於事實查核報告中直接說國內媒體與擁核人士是根據國外擁核平台新聞標題誇大解讀歐盟立場,這已經是假新聞了,最初源頭就是美聯社,我們的事實查核中心卻視而不見的以這只是范建得教授用以輔佐他個人觀點的引述...(傻眼)
4. 最後總結一次這次讓人失望的紛爭,綠色轉型的定義被事實查核中心找的專家自行與歐盟綠色綱領內容綁在一起。歐盟是否要非核的定義也都由事實查核中心找的專家以歐盟綠色綱領中的投資是否列入核能做判斷標準。我想這些都不是事實查核應該做的。另外,歐盟有沒有投資核能呢?還是有喔。歐洲投資銀行仍沒有將核能排除為投資項目,反倒是已經表示2021年會終止化石燃料的投資(不知道這個事實查核中心又閱讀了沒)。
下面附上文字讓大家自由評斷吧,我會向國際事實查核聯盟International Fact-Checking Network進行投訴。
**************以下為查核中心回覆***************
陳先生您好
首先對回覆拖延致歉,由於武漢肺炎的工作量極大,我們遲到今日才回覆,甚感抱歉。
關於您的指正。我們已經跟專家學者進行再次的查證,同時也查閱相關的文件。其中,范老師也特地撰文回覆您的疑問。
1. 關於您引述的文件段落,必須回到<投資指引>之原意,投資指引是「正面表單」,必須符合永續能源的條件,才能列入<投資指引>允許融資的對象。
核能產業 存有處置爭議,尚待釐清,並未列入表單;至於核能是否萬年難解,其實無涉此主題。
您引述的文字,恰好很清楚在談此概念。
Regarding the long-term management of High-Level Waste (HLW), there is an international consensus that a safe, long-term technical solution is needed to solve the present unsustainable situation. A combination of temporary storage plus permanent disposal in geological formation is the most promising, with some countries are leading the way in implementing those solutions. Yet nowhere in the world has a viable, safe and long-term underground repository been established. It was therefore infeasible for the TEG to undertake a robust DNSH assessment as no permanent, operational disposal site for HLW exists yet from which long-term empirical, in-situ data and evidence to inform such an evaluation for nuclear energy.
Given these limitations, it was not possible for TEG, nor its members, to conclude that the nuclear energy value chain does not cause significant harm to other environmental objectives on the time scales in question. The TEG has not therefore recommended the inclusion of nuclear energy in the Taxonomy at this stage. Further, the TEG recommends that more extensive technical work is undertaken on the DNSH aspects of nuclear energy in future and by a group with in-depth technical expertise on nuclear life cycle technologies and the existing and potential environmental impacts across all objectives.
2. 您提到的1月10日的版本有二,我們經過跟范老師確認,已更正了部分文字。感謝您的指正。
3. 您引述的美聯社等媒體報導,為2019年12月的報導。與此查核報告的主題並不相關,此查核報告並不是查核台灣媒體是否錯誤引用外電。
查核主題為 Green Deal在2020年1月15日的表決結果。
范老師引用核電產業論壇之文章對Green Deal的解讀,是做為其論述的間接佐證。
若您是要跟我們討論查核報告所引述的文件。以此報告來說,原始文件是歐盟的表決案,主流媒體的報導並不是我們會引用的意見或看法。
**************以下為范建得教授回覆***************
陳同學
經仔細核實相關資料,謹就您的提問答覆如下:
首先請您了解,此次的待查證事實為:
『媒體報導「歐盟主要成員國近日同意將核能納入『綠色轉型』,成為解決碳排放的一環;希望各國利用核能,趕在2050年前實現碳中和」』
此外,綜合Green Deal的重點,最終歐盟非核與否的推論,是建立在「所以歐盟是否支持核電,應就歐盟是否願意續行投資核電來看。」的前提論述上。
至於您提及的幾項質疑,謹分別說明如次:
ˉ
1.有關2020年1月10日的議會決議部分:
就您來信指教的版本問題,經查,確實有其他版本同時提交議會辯論,故此,決定將「至於其後在1月10日提交議會大會討論之版本,卻將去核和去煤一併納入,最後則在15日的決議版本,將去核字眼刪除。 」這段修改為:
「至於其後在1月10日提交議會大會討論之版本中,甚至有綠黨主張將去核和去煤一併納入,最後則在15日的決議版本,將去核字眼刪除。」以符事實。
2. 有關美聯社報導部分:
美聯社的報導是高峰會的結果,但此間查證的命題卻是「爭議點二、《歐洲綠色政綱》是否有針對核能的議題?是否如報導所提,希望各國將核能納入綠色轉型,成為實現碳中和的一環?」
由於美聯社的報導僅及於12月10日的高峰會結論,但本項查證卻是以《歐洲綠色政綱》的最終歐盟規範為內容,故此,您認為美聯社的報導是諸多主流媒體報導之一,我疏未查證,然事實並非如此,我之所以會引用擁核團體之前後對照報導,係用以回覆上述待查證命題之用;畢竟美聯社2019年12月之報導無關於《歐洲綠色政綱》之最終發展,故而無引用之必要。更何況,此項查核報告並非針對聯合報引述之正確與否來做查核,而是針對上述命題進行釐清而已。
3. 有關技術中立部分:
您提到:「真正回到技術中立,確實歐盟有提出技術文件來判斷和項技術得以符合永續投資的標的,而在核能上,並非如您所說核能不符合永續投資原則,文件中對於核能敘述是以相關經驗設施操作經驗與實證尚不足而無法定奪,並非其真的因為甚麼核廢料問題難解,第二階段2021將會等到有更多實際例子如芬蘭瑞典等國啟用後再做定奪。」
其實,您提到的文件我們都研讀過,但在理解上,顯然與您有相當的差異:
其一,就核能使否符合永續投資原則部分言,似乎您把TEG肯定的核能減碳效益(我個人也必須表示認同此部分)和TEG認為「it was not possible for TEG, nor its members, to conclude that the nuclear energy value chain does not cause significant harm to other environmental objectives on the time scales in question. The TEG has not therefore recommended the inclusion of nuclear energy in the Taxonomy at this stage.」所以未將核能納入永續投資項目之理由相混淆了。簡言之,TEG確實因無法確保高階廢料的安全處置(Yet nowhere in the world has a viable, safe and long-term underground repository been established. It was therefore infeasible for the TEG to undertake a robust DNSH assessment as no permanent, operational disposal site for HLW exists yet from which long-term empirical, in-situ data and evidence to inform such an evaluation for nuclear energy.)所以無法將核能納入投資標的,但這不牴觸TEG認為核能具有減碳貢獻之科學事實。然則正如您所了解的,歐盟有提出技術文件來判斷和項技術得以符合永續投資的標的,本質上這是一種正面表列的做法,換言之,現在不能符合其判斷標準者,就不合於永續投資原則,這也是上述網路媒體「國際核能工程」會表示「綠色政綱忽視核能的角色」的原因。
其二,您提出一些佐證文件來說明歐盟碳中和目標,我們都知道,也了解其均提及歐盟2050年的目標都是定為80% renewable & 20% nuclear。然則,姑不論其法律屬性(政策或策略?)如何,這些文件都頒布在2020年1月15日歐洲議會決議通過具拘束力的Green Deal之前,可否用以作為歐盟並沒有要終止核能的積極證據,實不無疑義。此外,個人以為,這20%僅是在反映Green Deal容許部分會員國就自己現有需要維持核能的空間,並未改變Green Deal不再提供核能融資之事實,更不可能據此來主張,歐盟在通過Green Deal後,還希望各國利用核能。
其三、您認為「專家指出,歐盟並未改變其最終非核之目標,」是不實的結論及趨勢分析。就此,個人也特別請教歐洲學者,在他即將投稿的一篇論文中指出;核能not covered by the Green Deal,在附註中,他也寫出與個人相同的觀點,他認為“Nuclear installations are a national matter of each Member State; however, they would not be financed under the Green Deal.” 準此,我們必須表示,若核能不再是歐盟融資的標的,其何以為繼,又為何「國際核能工程」會表示「綠色政綱忽視核能的角色」?
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DPM Tharman Shanmugaratnam presented Budget 2013 this afternoon. His theme was “A better Singapore: Quality growth, An Inclusive Society”.
Our immediate priority is to solve the housing and transport issues. At the same time, we must upgrade our economy through productivity and innovation. Budget 2013 will help our businesses cope with much lower foreign worker growth over the next few years. It also contains schemes to enable every Singaporean to benefit from growth. For example, the Wage Credit Scheme will incentivise employers to raise salaries of their lower-income workers, as the Govt will pay 40% of these salary increases for three years. We will also focus on promoting social mobility, especially through education, so that children from less privileged backgrounds are not disadvantaged in our society.
The Parliament will discuss Budget 2013 in the upcoming weeks. You can visit www.singaporebudget.gov.sg for more details about the Budget. - LHL
We had the Budget today. We are transforming our economy so that we can have quality growth – growth that all Singaporeans will benefit from, and which will allow a better quality of life. And we are taking further steps towards a more inclusive society – starting with the kids, helping lower-income workers, and providing greater economic security for our retirees, including those in the middle-income group.
Here's an extract from the Budget Speech that sets out the main directions our policies are taking. The specifics are in the full speech linked below.
http://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget…/budget_speech.html
BETTER SINGAPORE: QUALITY GROWTH, AN INCLUSIVE SOCIETY
Many Singaporeans, through Our Singapore Conversation platforms, have been sharing their hopes for Singapore – the kind of home we want to build for our families and our children. There has been a rich diversity of views. But a common set of aspirations is emerging, a common vision of the future that Singaporeans want:
• A home with a strong Singaporean identity and sense of belonging
• A Singapore with a robust and vibrant economy, and with good jobs that enable a more fulfilling pace of life
• A home with strong families, and where our seniors can age with dignity
• A society that takes care of the disadvantaged
• A Singapore with affordable living
• A society with greater sense of togetherness, and where the Government and the people have a more collaborative relationship
This is the Singapore that we want to build together.
The Government is making major moves to support this endeavour. Since 2010, we have embarked on major steps to transform our economy so as to create better jobs and allow for a better pace and quality of life. We are also making important shifts in social policies, as announced in last year’s Budget, to foster a fair and more inclusive society.
We will need to make further moves. So that by the end of the decade, we will have a better Singapore, a better future for all Singaporeans.
Immediate Challenges: Housing and Transport
First, we have pressing challenges in housing and transport. The Government will spare no effort in resolving these problems.
We want to reduce the cost of housing relative to the income of young Singaporeans. Prices in the HDB resale market and private market have risen too rapidly in the cycle that began as we recovered from the 2009 economic crisis. We have taken major steps to cool the housing market. We have also ramped up the supply of HDB flats which will help first-time buyers book their flats faster as well as ease prices in the resale market. And we have increased supply of private housing through Government Land Sales. The Minister for National Development will speak more in COS about these immediate challenges as well as how we can ensure affordable, quality housing for Singaporeans over the longer term.
We have to make many improvements in public transport. Congestion and waiting times are a daily problem for Singaporeans. We are ramping up bus capacity, especially feeder services, to improve frequency and add new routes. We are accelerating the rollout of the additional 800 buses that we made provisions for last year. In addition, the Land Transport Authority will be tendering out routes to private operators.
Our rail network will expand by more than 50% by 2021. That is still eight years away. But in the meantime, we will see improvements that will help relieve congestion. Parts of the Downtown Line will start operating from the end of this year, and new trains will be added to existing lines from next year. We will also introduce other measures to reduce crowding, including significantly enhanced incentives for commuters who travel during the “shoulder” periods before and after the morning peak hour. The Minister for Transport will talk about these measures in the COS.
An Economy and Society in Transition
While we fix these immediate problems in housing and transport, we have to press on with our priorities to help Singaporeans have a better quality of life over the medium to long term.
We have to shift gears for an economy and society that is in transition.
We are no longer a developing economy, but we have not achieved the level of productivity and income of an advanced economy. At the same time, our own workforce is growing more slowly, and is gradually getting older.
We must make every effort to achieve quality growth: growth that is achieved mainly through innovation and higher productivity, and growth that will benefit all Singaporeans – our children, working families, our elderly and disabled.
Our strategies for achieving quality growth and an inclusive society are in fact tied inextricably together. Raising productivity is not just our most important economic priority, but enables us to build a better society. Higher productivity is the only sustainable way to raise incomes for ordinary Singaporeans, and provide jobs that give people a sense of responsibility and empowerment. Higher productivity is also necessary for us to shorten working hours over time and allow Singaporeans to enjoy a better work-life balance.
Our society is also facing the pressures of widening income disparities. This is happening in cities globally and in Asia, but it matters more to us because Singapore is not just a city but also a nation. We must take further steps to temper inequality. We also want to do more to enable our seniors to have a sense of economic security and fulfilment in their retirement years.
On both economy and society, therefore, we need to shift our thinking.
In government: where we are reshaping policies and driving new initiatives, especially to sustain social mobility and strengthen support for older Singaporeans.
In the business community: which has to innovate and adjust to the permanent reality of a tight labour market.
In our society at large: where we have to accord ordinary workers not just better pay but greater respect.
In the community: with non-profits and other voluntary groups pursuing the causes we all believe in, and working with an active partner in the government.
And for all of us individuals, to do our best to improve and to contribute to our country in our own ways.
Transforming Our Economy for Better Jobs
We are restructuring our economy. We began this in earnest in 2010, by:
• Tightening foreign worker inflows;
• Supporting enterprises in their efforts to upgrade operations and improve productivity; and
• Investing in our workers by heavily subsidising their training, in every skill.
We need to intensify this economic restructuring and skills upgrading so as to achieve quality growth. Although wages are going up in a tight labour market, productivity has lagged. If we do not do better in raising productivity, we will be caught in a situation where businesses lose competitiveness, and wages eventually stagnate. Both workers and businesses will be worse off.
We must help our SME sector revitalise itself. There are however wide divergences in efficiency amongst SMEs even in the same industries. Restructuring will unfortunately lead to some businesses being winnowed out, but the end result must be a vibrant and sustainable local SME sector. Every support must be provided to help the businesses which bring in more efficient techniques and service models, so they can grow in a tight labour market, and where possible make their mark internationally.
There are already many examples of SMEs transforming themselves, in every sector. For example in furniture manufacturing, local firms are training multi-skilled employees, relocating manpower-intensive activities, developing unique brands and carving a niche for themselves in overseas markets.
To make this economic transition, we must also harness the value of older Singaporeans and design jobs suited for them, as well as for other potential employees who are unable to work regular, full-time schedules. Flexible work practices must become more common, enabling employees to structure their work so that they have time for their families or for personal development like part-time courses. We should also make it possible for more employees to have the option of telecommuting from home or working from “smart work centres” near their homes, like what they have in Amsterdam and Seoul. The Government will work closely with businesses in these efforts.
Building a Fair and Inclusive Society
We are also taking major steps to ensure a fair and more inclusive society.
• First, to sustain social mobility. Meritocracy alone will not assure us of this. We therefore want to do more, starting from early in our children’s lives, to give the best leg up to those who start with a disadvantage. We cannot change the fact that children have different family backgrounds that bring very different advantages and disadvantages. But we want to find every way, at the pre-school and primary school levels, to help our children from poorer or less stable families to develop confidence and the self-belief that gives them aspirations of their own, and to help them catch up when they fall behind. And we will provide pathways to develop every skill and ability, so that every child can discover his strengths as he grows up, and can do well.
• Second, we must do more to mitigate inequality. We are making our fiscal system more progressive, by tilting our taxes and benefits in favour of the lower- and middle-income groups.
Currently:
i. A lower-income older worker receives a significant top-up of his income through Workfare each year.
ii. A middle-income family with a child in child care gets subsidies of $4,800 per year. If the child is in university, he can receive more than $8,500 in bursaries over the course of his studies, and get a subsidised government loan to pay off the remaining fees and cover study expenses. Children from lower-income families receive far more.
iii. Singaporeans with disabilities now receive substantially greater support. Both when young through early intervention under EIPIC, and as adults, where we provide a substantial incentive through the Special Employment Credit (SEC) for firms to employ them so that they can contribute and lead more independent lives.
iv. An older Singaporean in need of long term care can receive subsidies of $870 per month for home-based care or $1,200 per month if he is in a nursing home, following the changes we introduced last year. Those who need more help will get it through Medifund.
We will take further, significant steps in this Budget towards strengthening social mobility and increasing the progressivity and fairness of our system. In particular, with enhancements to Workfare, a low-wage worker who is 60 years old would receive a top-up of his pay of about 30%. This is in addition to what his employer can receive through the SEC, and the new Wage Credit Scheme, to be introduced in this year’s Budget, which will encourage his employer to up his pay.
While raising incomes is the best way to help lower- and middle- income Singaporeans cope with rising costs, this Budget will also include measures to help them more immediately. The most significant support will go to older Singaporeans, to help them with medical costs.
Taking all our measures together, including those which will be announced in this Budget, we are providing substantial benefits to lower- and middle-income Singaporeans. The full picture can be seen if we look at benefits over a lifetime, starting from a couple’s needs when they first have children, to the time they get old and need other types of help, especially with healthcare costs.
In total, over a lifetime, a young low-income couple with two children can expect to receive more than $600,000 in benefits in real terms (2013 dollars). (This comes from subsidies and other means-tested benefits for their children’s education, housing, healthcare, Workfare, the GST Voucher, and other schemes.)
This is much more than we used to provide in the past. In the last decade alone, we have more than doubled the lifetime benefits in real terms for such families.
When we take into account all the taxes that such low-income families will pay (mainly GST), they will get back far more in benefits. In fact, they will get more than five dollars in benefits for every dollar in taxes paid.
However, today’s generation of older Singaporeans will not benefit as much as younger Singaporeans from the enhancements in Workfare and CPF and other schemes. We want to do more for this senior generation of Singaporeans, who worked over the years, often with low pay, to build a better future for their children. They made today’s Singapore possible. We will do more for them. The Government is reviewing the system of healthcare financing and some other schemes to help them in their retirement years.
Finally, the Budget will make significant investments to nurture the sports and arts, which play a growing role in enriching life in Singapore. Over the next five years, we will invest 30% more in sports programmes, and more than double our investments to develop regional- and community-level sports facilities. The Government will also create a new Cultural Donation Matching Fund, to provide dollar-for-dollar matching for donations to the arts and culture.
In short, we are building a better Singapore: a more inclusive and caring society, with an innovative and dynamic economy, so that Singaporeans can have better opportunities and more fulfilling lives.
http://www.singaporebudget.gov.sg/budget…/budget_speech.html
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